Online Test

Question 1

Which of the following statements about ‘ICZM – Tools & Approaches’ is true? Decision support tools (DSTs)…

Include quantitative assessment tools with a low level of uncertainty
Include a wide variety of tools ranging for instance from environmental descriptors to economic and social evaluations
Include tools that are applied to support participation processes
Are heavily used in practice to support decision making processes
Include tools that are directly applied by authorities to decide on a management option
Are used to support science and policy

Question 2

The sectors that have a high potential for sustainable jobs and growth and are explicitly mentioned in the ‘EU Blue Growth Strategy’ in Europe are:

Fisheries: since fish stock are increasing again the sector is on the rise
Seabed mining: has the potential to generate sustainable growth and jobs for future generations
Aquaculture: farming finfish, shellfish and aquatic plants is one of the world's fastest growing food sectors
Ocean energy: could fuel economic growth through innovation and create new, high-quality jobs
Coastal and maritime tourism: employing over 3.2 million people, this sector generates a total of € 183 billion in gross value added
Marine Science: oceans gain importance and require an increasing amount of high-skilled persons

Question 3

Which of the following statements about ‘ICZM History in Europe’ is true?

The Demonstration Programme pointed out that ‘there has been inadequate involvement of the stakeholders in formulating and implementing solutions to coastal problems’
The United Nations Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro in 1992 initiated the development of focussed European Union policy on ICZM
In 2000, the European Parliament adopted the legally binding directive ‘Integrated Coastal Zone Management: A Strategy for Europe’
Concrete recommendations on Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Europe were adopted in 2002
The EU Directive on establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning was adopted in 2014
The Demonstration Programme pointed out that ‘management of the coasts in Europe is based on a sufficient legal framework and that joint visions and concrete ideas exist.

Question 4

Which of the following statements related to the ‘Baltic Sea – State, Trends & Challenges’ is correct?

In 2009, about 13 wind farms existed in the Baltic Sea. Until 2030 the number could increase to 67 offshore wind farms
The number of beach litter items ranges from around 50 on reference beaches to up to 300 on urban beaches, per 100 metres of beach
Three out of nine assessed commercial fish stocks are in good status with respect to both biomass and fishing mortality rates
Recently, the number of improving trends outweighs the number of deteriorating trends in the monitored hazardous substances
The assessment of fish from a biodiversity perspective indicates good status in about half of the assessed coastal areas
12 % of the Baltic Sea is protected through marine protected areas and the Baltic Sea is worldwide leading in this respect

Question 5

Which of the following facts with respect to ‘Definitions’ is true?

In the European Union, the coastal zone is defined as the zone between shoreline and 3 km inland from the coast
The Coastline is the line that forms the boundary between the coast and the shore
In the European Union, the offshore boundary of coastal waters is one nautical mile of the baseline
The Littoral zone extends seawards from the foreshore to some distance beyond the breaker zone
Territorial waters extend at most 12 nautical miles from the baseline of a coastal state
Transitional waters are surface waters in the vicinity of river mouths which are partly saline, but influenced by freshwater flows

Question 6

Which of the following facts about ‘Utilization of Europe’s Coasts and Seas’ is true?

Over the past ten years, European Union total fish catches increased steadily
Wave and tidal power is an important source of clean power in Europe, and increased steadily during the last decades
The three largest European port operations are Rotterdam, Marseille and Barcelona
Oil and gas extraction is expected to steadily grow in Europe because of new technologies
It is expected that marine mining will see continued decline because of high costs
Aquaculture production of shellfish in the EU has been decreasing since 2004