Online Test

This type of multiple choice test will be used in the exam! However, the 'Online Test' does not cover all possible questions! 65% correct answers are needed to pass the test!

Question 1

Which of the following statements about Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is true?

In the EU, Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is defined as a dynamic, multi-disciplinary and iterative process to promote sustainable management of coastal zones
‘Integrated’ in ICZM refers to the integration of different objectives and also to the integration of several instruments that are needed to meet these objectives
Sectoral management approaches can be beneficial for efficient use of resources, the utilization of opportunities towards a more sustainable coastal development
ICZM seeks to balance environmental, economic, social, cultural and recreational objectives
Integrated Coastal Area Management (ICAM) is a complementary approach focusing on land-based activities
ICZM uses the informed participation and co-operation of all stakeholders to assess the societal goals in a given coastal area

Question 2

Which of the following statements about ‘State of ICZM (in Europe)’ is true?

The problems in our coastal zones are largely solved and the competition for space is successfully addressed by maritime spatial planning
The EC-Directive on ‘establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning’ of 2014 includes major ICZM elements
The EU Strategy on ICZM and the subsequent ICZM Recommendations caused a lot of activities all over Europe
Major ideas of ICZM are widely accepted and aspects are included in most recent strategic and policy documents and directives
The Barcelona Convention with its Protocol on ICZM re-vitalized ICZM in Europe and caused the implementation of several national and regional ICZM plans
To strengthen ICZM, a guided, systematic, stepwise, user-friendly approach is necessary

Question 3

Which of the following facts about ‘State of Europe’s Seas’ is true?

Dramatic changes in an ecosystem are called 'ecological regime shifts'
Over 650 marine fish species are thought to inhabit European seas
Over 180 species of marine birds are found throughout Europe's seas
Only 7 % of marine species are in an unfavourable conservation status
Almost 70% of the world's known marine mammal species can be found in Europe's regional seas
Across the regional seas of Europe, 50 different seabed habitat types are identified

Question 4

Which of the following statements about climate change and the ‘EU Climate Change Strategy’ is correct?

Ocean surface pH is projected to decrease to values between 4.05 and 3.75 by the end of 21st century, depending on future CO2 emissions levels
A first ‘EU strategy on adaptation to climate change’ was adopted already in 1990 and aimed at promoting research on climate change
The ‘EU strategy on adaptation to climate change’ adopted in 2013 aims to make Europe more climate-resilient and to enhance the preparedness to respond to the impacts of climate change
Some water-borne diseases, such as vibriosis infections are likely to increase with increasing sea surface temperatures
Oxygen-depleted zones in the Baltic Sea have increased more than 10-fold since 1900
Several recent model-based studies and expert assessments have suggested an upper boundary for the global mean sea level rise in the 21st century in the range of 1.5–2.0 m

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the ‘Ecosystem Services’ (ES) are true?

Ecosystem services are important for flora and fauna
The ES concept has been integrated in all EU coastal and marine policies
Indirect benefits (e.g. regulation of water supply and quality, nutrient cycling) are not considered to be ES
All EU member states are required to map and assess their ES
ES can be grouped into provisioning, regulating and cultural services
ES are defined as the benefits humans obtain from ecosystems

Question 6

Which of the following statements related to the ‘Baltic Sea – State, Trends & Challenges’ is correct?

In 2009, about 13 wind farms existed in the Baltic Sea. Until 2030 the number could increase to 67 offshore wind farms
97 % of the Baltic Sea area is affected by eutrophication and 12 % is assessed as being in the worst status category
12 % of the Baltic Sea is protected through marine protected areas and the Baltic Sea is worldwide leading in this respect
The Baltic Sea accounts for up to 15% of the world’s cargo transportation. The number of commercial ships in the Baltic Sea is expected to double by 2030
Three out of nine assessed commercial fish stocks are in good status with respect to both biomass and fishing mortality rates
In 1992, HELCOM listed 162 major pollution hot spots in the Baltic Sea Region. In 2019, 19 industrial hot spots and 23 municipal or combined municipal and industrial sites still existed