Online Test

This type of multiple choice test will be used in the exam! However, the 'Online Test' does not cover all possible questions! 65% correct answers are needed to pass the test!

Question 1

Which of the following statements about ‘Participation and Stakeholder Engagement’ is false?

Public participation is a fundamental principle within all EU environmental policies
Late and unbalanced involvement of stakeholder groups have been identified as major weaknesses in stakeholder engagement within several ICZM case studies
Participation is a process in which the concerns, needs and values of the public are incorporated into decision making
An active involvement of stakeholders for all EU environmental policies is required by the Aarhus Convention
An early involvement of stakeholders in the planning process is considered to be beneficial in order to allow exchange and avoid conflicts
Public participation can be costly, time-consuming, labour-intensive and potentially create new conflicts

Question 2

Which of the following facts about ‘Utilization of Europe’s Coasts and Seas’ is true?

Marine aquaculture production is increasing in Europe
Oil and gas extraction is expected to steadily grow in Europe because of new technologies
Aquaculture production of shellfish in the EU has been decreasing since 2004
It is expected that marine mining will see continued decline because of high costs
Over the past ten years, European Union total fish catches increased steadily
In Europe, shipbuilding and ship-repair industries are expected to grow in the coming years, driven by the demand for new technologies

Question 3

Which of the following statements related to the ‘Baltic Sea – State, Trends & Challenges’ is correct?

97 % of the Baltic Sea area is affected by eutrophication and 12 % is assessed as being in the worst status category
In 1992, HELCOM listed 162 major pollution hot spots in the Baltic Sea Region. In 2019, 19 industrial hot spots and 23 municipal or combined municipal and industrial sites still existed
12 % of the Baltic Sea is protected through marine protected areas and the Baltic Sea is worldwide leading in this respect
The Baltic Sea accounts for up to 15% of the world’s cargo transportation. The number of commercial ships in the Baltic Sea is expected to double by 2030
Recently, the number of improving trends outweighs the number of deteriorating trends in the monitored hazardous substances
The number of beach litter items ranges from around 50 on reference beaches to up to 300 on urban beaches, per 100 metres of beach

Question 4

The sectors that have a high potential for sustainable jobs and growth and are explicitly mentioned in the ‘EU Blue Growth Strategy’ in Europe are:

Coastal and maritime tourism: employing over 3.2 million people, this sector generates a total of € 183 billion in gross value added
Marine biotechnology: it is expected that the sector will offer high-skilled employment and significant downstream opportunities
Seabed mining: has the potential to generate sustainable growth and jobs for future generations
Aquaculture: farming finfish, shellfish and aquatic plants is one of the world's fastest growing food sectors
Ocean energy: could fuel economic growth through innovation and create new, high-quality jobs
Fisheries: since fish stock are increasing again the sector is on the rise

Question 5

Which of the following facts with respect to ‘Definitions’ is true?

In the European Union, the offshore boundary of coastal waters is one nautical mile of the baseline
The Littoral zone extends seawards from the foreshore to some distance beyond the breaker zone
Territorial waters extend at most 12 nautical miles from the baseline of a coastal state
Coastal seas in Europe are the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, The Caspian Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, the North Sea, and the Baltic Sea
In the United States of America, the coastal zone is defined seawards up to the continental shelf edge
Transitional waters are surface waters in the vicinity of river mouths which are partly saline, but influenced by freshwater flows

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the ‘Habitats Directive & Natura 2000’ is true?

The Habitats Directive is a core element in implementing the EU Biodiversity Strategy
Natura 2000 sites have been designated specifically to protect core areas for a sub-set of species or habitat types listed in the Habitats and Birds Directives
Nature reserves, national parks or other nationally or regionally protected sites are automatic Natura 2000 sites and are managed jointly under the Habitats Directive
Over 10000 animal and plant species, as well as 2000 habitat types are protected in the EU
Until 2018, the 28 EU member States protected only 1.8 % of the total territory in 200 single sites under Natura 2000
The Habitats Directive aims to promote the maintenance of biodiversity, taking account of economic, social, cultural and regional requirements